C# - Tutorial

Object-Oriented Programming: Introduction to C# syntax, types, and class-based object-oriented programming.
Namespaces: Organizing code using namespaces.
Basic Types: Primitive types (int, float, string, etc.).
Control Flow Statements: if, switch, for, foreach, while, and do-while.
Exception Handling: try-catch-finally blocks.
Methods and Properties: Defining and using methods, properties, and constructors.
Events and Delegates: Defining and subscribing to events, and using delegates for callback methods.
Inheritance and Polymorphism: Fundamental OOP concepts like inheritance, virtual methods, and method overriding.

Generics: Type-safe data structures and methods.
Anonymous Methods: Defining inline methods (precursor to lambda expressions).
Partial Classes: Splitting a class definition across multiple files.
Nullable Types: Handling null values with value types.
Iterators and yield keyword: Simplifying enumerations.

LINQ (Language Integrated Query): Querying data from different data sources (in-memory collections, databases, XML, etc.).
Lambda Expressions: Inline expressions for writing cleaner code, particularly in LINQ queries.
Expression Trees: Representing code in a tree-like data structure.
Extension Methods: Adding methods to existing types without inheritance.
Anonymous Types: Creating objects without explicitly defining a class.
Automatic Properties: Shortening property declarations.
Object and Collection Initializers: Initializing objects and collections in a single expression.
Query Expressions: SQL-like syntax for LINQ queries.

Dynamic Types: Introducing dynamic typing with the dynamic keyword.
Named and Optional Parameters: Calling methods with parameters specified by name or omitted when optional.
Covariance and Contravariance: Variance support for generic interfaces and delegates.
Embedded Interop Types: Simplifying interop with COM components.
Task Parallel Library (TPL): Easier multithreading and parallelism.

Asynchronous Programming: async and await keywords for easier asynchronous code.
Caller Information Attributes: Getting information about the caller of a method (like file path, line number).
Improved Exception Handling: Async exception handling.

Expression-Bodied Members: Defining single-line methods and properties.
Null-Conditional Operators: Simplifying null checks with ?. and ??.
String Interpolation: Embedding expressions directly within string literals with $"{}".
Auto-Property Initializers: Initializing properties with default values.
nameof operator: Getting the name of a variable, property, or method as a string.
Exception Filters: Filtering exceptions in catch blocks.

Tuples and Deconstruction: Returning multiple values and unpacking tuples easily.
Pattern Matching: Matching types and values in switch statements and expressions.
Local Functions: Defining functions inside methods.
Out Variables: Declaring out variables inline.
Ref Locals and Returns: Returning references from methods.
Expression-Bodied Constructors and Destructors: Using expression-bodied syntax in more places.

Async Main: Supporting asynchronous entry points.
Default Literals: Simplifying default value expressions.
In Parameters: Passing parameters by reference without allowing modification.
Ref Structs and ReadOnly Structs: Enhancements for value type safety and efficiency.

Nullable Reference Types: Introducing nullable annotations to reduce null reference exceptions.
Async Streams: Asynchronous iteration over data sources with IAsyncEnumerable.
Ranges and Indices: Slicing arrays and other collections with range syntax (e.g., ^1, 1..3).
Default Interface Methods: Adding default method implementations to interfaces.
Switch Expressions: A more concise switch syntax.
Pattern Matching Enhancements: Extending pattern matching to more types and scenarios.
Static Local Functions: Local functions that can be declared as static.

Record Types: Immutable types with value-based equality.
Init-Only Properties: Making properties writable only during object initialization.
Top-Level Programs: Simplified program entry point syntax.
With Expressions: Creating copies of objects with modifications.
Enhanced Pattern Matching: Additional patterns like relational patterns and logical patterns.
Covariant Returns: Overriding methods with more specific return types.

Global Usings: Declaring common usings globally for the entire project.
File-Scoped Namespaces: Simplified namespace declaration for single-file programs.
Record Structs: Value-type records.
Lambda Improvements: Lambdas can be used in more places, including return types.
Interpolated String Handlers: Optimized string interpolation for performance.
Enhanced Async/Parallel Programming: Improved task-based APIs and async performance.

Required Properties: Defining properties that must be initialized during object creation.
Generic Math Support: Math methods extended to work with generics.
Static Abstract Members in Interfaces: Allowing static members in interfaces for generic scenarios.
UTF-8 String Literals: Supporting u8 suffix for UTF-8 string literals.

Primary Constructors for Classes: A shorthand for declaring constructors alongside class declarations.
Collection Literals: More flexible syntax for initializing collections.
Readonly Members for Records: Ensuring immutability at a member level for record types.
Default Interface Methods Enhancements: Expanded default interface method capabilities.

Better Async Programming Features: Enhancements to async programming to make it more intuitive and performant.
Improvements in Pattern Matching: Expanding pattern matching capabilities with further syntax enhancements.
Increased Performance and Efficiency: Continued focus on performance with better support for high-performance applications.